Cinema Text and pictures/Wang Yuanchang
The year is gone with the sound of firecrackers, and the spring breeze brings warmth to the summer. There are thousands of households in the sunBabaylan, Cinema always replaces the old charms with new peaches.
——”New Year’s Day” by Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty
In the Lunar New Year, different regions have different folk customs; different families have different expectations. But the feelings rooted in the heart and praying for a better life are interconnected and difficult to change. The artistic expression that carries the profound feelings of Yan and Huang, interprets the folk customs and beautifies people’s lives, is indispensable for colorful New Year pictures.
The origin of Chinese New Year paintings can be traced back to the patron sacred paintings such as exorcism and evil spirits in the Qin and Han Dynasties or earlier, including Tao Talismans, Zhong Kui statues, Tianxing posts, etc. By the Song Dynasty, with the rise and maturity of woodblock printing technology, New Year’s paintings gradually evolved from patron sacred paintings to colored and colored woodblocked New Year’s paintings, which was the first precedent for woodblock New Year’s paintings in the history of Chinese painting.
In recent years, woodblock New Year pictures from 17 major domestic production areas, including Tianjin Yangliuqing, Jiangsu Suzhou, Shandong Weifang, Sichuan Mianzhu, Henan Kaifeng, Shaanxi Komiks Fengxiang, Fengxiang, etc., have been selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list.
I Cinema has discovered in more than ten years of searching for New Year’s paintings that the birthplace of Chinese woodblock New Year’s paintings, the New Year’s paintings in Kaifeng’s “Zhuxian Town”, have a strong aroma of yin and yellow, full of emotions, and vivid folk customs and folk customs.
The Suzhou Taohuawu and Tianjin Yangliu Youth Paintings, which are praised by the world as “Taohuawu in the south and willows in the north and south, are the most dazzling. They are created based on real life, highlighting the character characteristics of the characters, and the pictures are bustling and lively, full of expressiveness and attraction.
Today, it has a long history and can be regarded as a classic Chinese cultural heritageWooden-sheet New Year pictures have been picked up by more and more people, and have changed from posting on the four walls of the house in the past to exquisitely produced and framed works of art, bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, including daily housewarming, newlyweds, etc., and hanging halls and shops are arranged.
Especially, some courtyard houses in the streets and alleys of the New Year pictures are produced, “always replace new peaches with old charms”, the New Year pictures hanging in the hall and the door gods posted outside the two courtyard doors form a beautiful New Year scenery with Jirui’s Fu couplets and festive red lanterns. It demonstrates people’s yearning for a better life and exudes the inseparable beauty in the hearts of the people.
The earliest form of New Year’s painting is the door paintings posted on the door of the New Year, namely the “door god”, which uses colors and techniques in different regions. Figure 1 shows the door god New Year painting created by Yin Guoquan, the national inheritor of Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year painting; Figure 2 shows the door god New Year painting of Yang Liuqing; Figure 3 shows the door god New Year painting created by Tai Liping, the national inheritor of Fengxiang woodblock New Year painting; Figure 4 shows the door god New Year painting created by Yang Fuyuan, the national inheritor of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year painting.
Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng
Having a precedent for woodblock New Year painting
In ancient times, Zhuxian Town was ranked one of the “Four Major Ancient Towns in China”. What made its reputation famous was the woodblock New Year paintings that were popular here and passed down through the ages. Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year paintings, as an outstanding representative of traditional Chinese art, have been included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
The day I went to Zhuxian Town, I was caught up with a rare heavy snowfall in Kaifeng. The flying snowflakes in the sky made the morning of the ancient town less noisy, and the sight of some shops and vendors cleaning the snow in front of the door. This ancient town that has been covered with wind and rain for thousands of years cannot imagine its glory.
The Yuewang Temple, which was built here during the Ming Dynasty, is located on the side of Yuemiao Street. It is a wooden New Year painting street in the ancient town. Now many old wooden New Year painting brands have been restored. On this old street, you can not only feel the charm of traditional wooden New Year paintings, but you can buy valuable works by your favorite New Year painting craftsmen for a few dozen yuan.
According to historical records, Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year paintings, known as the “ancestor of Chinese woodblock New Year paintings”, was born in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. It reached more than 300 New Year painting workshops during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The opening of the canal made Zhuxian Town a commercial center in the Central Plains, and the sales of New Year pictures flourished. Many merchants gathered here from the current Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Ningxia and other regions, buying thirds of the country.Two New Year pictures.
The prosperity of woodblock New Year paintings in Zhuxian Town is inseparable from the fertile land of Kaifeng. Kaifeng during the Northern Song Dynasty was the center of politics, economy and culture in the country. The huge urban class activated the demand for folk culture and provided a rich soil and market for the creation of New Year pictures.
Meng Yuanlao’s “Dream of Tokyo” records that “in recent years, the market has printed door gods, peach boards, peach talismans, etc..” The “Along the River During the Qingming Festival” depicting the social life of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the guise of the “Wang Family Paper Horse” shop near the beginning of the volume is clearly visible.
Strive on a New Year Painting Street close to the ancient canal, the old houses on both sides are mottled, and the rugged eaves show the vicissitudes of the years it has experienced, and the original flavor is full of nostalgia.
A second-floor pavement is high with the “protect” with black background and yellow characters, and the “Tiancheng Old Store” is written on it. There is no decoration in the old house with peeling paint. The four walls are full of New Year pictures, including the mighty door god, the iron-faced and curly bearded Zhong Kui’s head, the five sons win the championship, the pine crane prolongs life, the lotus gives birth to a noble son and other representative themes.
Yin Guoquan, the fifth generation descendant of “Tiancheng Old Shop”, was dressed simply, sitting in front of the stage where various colors of paints were piled up. With the help of his grandson, he repeatedly applied different paints and printed New Year pictures in color. It took the old man a month to place a newly-engraved carving version on the stage.
The iron rack next to it is full of colorful greenery, and the New Year pictures that have just been printed and dried are very beautiful. Behind the counter is Mr. Yin’s wife, and the production desk is connected to the counter, a typical traditional workshop.
KomiksEvery year, it begins to enter the peak period of New Year’s picture production in early December. The picture shows Yin Guoquan, who is fully focused on printing New Year pictures. In Yin Guoquan’s view, the truly authentic traditional skills are in danger of losing. Over the past few decades, he has inherited and created more than 300 sets of carved versions and more than 15Komiks for more than 15. He said: “The pigments I printed in New Year’s paintings are carefully processed and boiled with plants such as pine smoke, locust rice, and Zhangdan. Although it is time-consuming and labor-intensive, it is compared with today’s industrial pigments.tps://comicmov.com/”>Babaylan, color correction.”
“The things passed down by the older generation cannot be lost. My two sons and grandsons are heirs.” Looking at his hands that were slightly rougher than ordinary people, and the wrinkles on his face that were gullies from time to time, a kind of shock filled his heart.
The “Tiancheng Old Store” connected to the counter of the production desk is full of vicissitudes of time. The content of the woodblock New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town is mostly based on familiar historical stories, myths and legends. The printing technique is mainly woodblocked water color overprinting, six-page set, and some sets are as many as nine-page. The colors of red, yellow, green and purple are bright and exaggerated. The character has a big head and a small body, looking rustic and cute. Most characters use white faces and red eyelids on their faces, which is its unique technique and is also the representative style of Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures.
The vigorous and ancient lines, simple and symmetrical patterns, and the rough and thick atmosphere reflect the strong local art style of Zhuxian Town, the hinterland of the Central Plains. Mr. Lu Xun once commented on Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year pictures, “These woodblocks are simple, with thick and powerful engravings, and they are not stained with powder. The characters are not charming. The colors are strong and very local.”
The special stamp of “Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year pictures” issued in 2008 is taken from the classic story, Sanniang teaches children, and is full of loads. href=”https://comicmov.com/”>CinemaHefeng Xianglan
The Qingming Shanghe Park, a real-life theme park opened to the public in 1998, is located on the west bank of Longting Lake, Kaifeng City. It is a large historical and cultural park with the theme of Song culture based on the realistic painting “Along the River During the Qingming Festival” by Northern Song painter Zhang Zeduan as a model. It is now a 5A scenic spot.
The Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year pictures are sold all year round. You can learn about the traditional woodblock New Year pictures production in the retro New Year pictures store. Visitors can not only appreciate and purchase, but also participate in the interaction on site.
In the Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year pictures with simple and vigorous characteristics, the red, yellow, green and purple are bright and thick, the characters are exaggerated, with a big head and a small body, looking rustic and cute
Suzhou Taohuawu
Carrying beautiful expectations
The ancient city of Suzhou is gentle and colorful, extending for thousands of years, giving Taohuawu woodblock New Year paintings a brilliant and elegant character. The Yongzheng and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty were the most prosperous period of Taohuawu New Year paintings. There were hundreds of painters and printing craftsmen gathered here. The New Year paintings were sold to Southeast Asia, and “Taohuawu” became synonymous with Suzhou woodblock New Year paintings.
Look through some records of Suzhou’s cultural tourism Books or walk in historical districts such as Shantang Street and Pingjiang Road, you can see the shops of “Taohuawu New Year’s Paintings”. There is also a Taohuawu Street in Suzhou, which is a stone road with small walls and black tiles arranged on both sides. The hanging lanterns and Spring Festival couplets exude the joy of the New Year.
In the shops on Taohuawu Street, it is not difficult to find the shadow of the New Year’s Paintings. In Puyuan on Xiaochangqiao Road, which intersects Taohuawu Street, Taohuawu woodcuts are found. href=”https://comicmov.com/”>KomiksNew Year Painting Museum. Walking in, a fresh and elegant garden comes into view, and the New Year Painting Museum is quietly hidden in the lush green shade.
A family in Suzhou can enter the painting.
The museum currently collects hundreds of ancient New Year pictures collections. The picture of “Fuyou”, family happiness, Magu’s birthday pictures, double beauty love flowers pictures, and Gusu Xuanmiao Temple. In the real scene display part, “Three stars shine” and “Eight Immortals Cross the Sea” are pasted in the living room, which means that there are all guests; in the bedroom, “Flowers bloom and wealth” and “Give a noble son early” are pasted, which means that the couple is harmonious and beautiful. These New Year pictures that reflect the living conditions of the people in ancient times are loved by modern people.
I saw a table with engraving, engraving, printing platform, brown brush, brown rub, fist knife and other engraving tools. Several inheritors in their early thirties are meticulously engraving. Holding a knife in their right hand, skillfully carving lines on the woodblock, sweat ejaculation at the tip of their noses, but they don’t care to wipe them off, and they are fully immersedKomiks‘s focus is like making the most precious treasure in the world.
The antique Taohuawu historical classic woodblock New Year painting “Flowers bloom and prosperityCinema“
According to reports, a Taohuawu woodblock New Year painting is not completed by a painter alone. It requires three steps: painting, engraving and printing, and is created by a collective creation. Compared with New Year paintings in other regions, the characteristics of Taohuawu New Year paintingsKomiks relies entirely on the printing plate printing. After the printing is completed, it is known for its strength.
A fist knife that is just clenched by the palm can evolve into four methods: starting knife, placing knife, picking knife, and re-knife. It emphasizes “accurate knife, picking knife, and light shoveling bottom”. The lines should be engraved naturally and vigorously and cleanly. Generally speaking, it takes 5 years to learn the drawings of Taohuawu New Year paintings, 4 years to engrave, and 2 years to print.
One of the main steps of traditional Chinese woodblock New Year paintings in 2008, a New Year painting “A Mutual Qi” created during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty was successfully copied in Puyuan. This is a classic creation of Taohuawu New Year paintings. “A Mutual Qi” warns the people of the palace to live in harmony and spread to the people of the people’s desire to unite and fulfill their wishes.
《A Mutual Qi” is one of the representative works of Taohuawu woodblock New Year paintings
Since history, Taohuawu woodblock New Year paintings have carved a unique folk custom, that is, from content to social effects, called woodblock New Year paintings, but not limited to New Year postings and hangings. Instead, in accordance with the seasons, when different festivals and solar terms come every year, woodblock New Year paintings should be used to express different beautiful expectations.
For example, when bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, “Happy Picture” is posted at the beginning of spring; when the Mid-Autumn Festival, you should post “Moon Palace Picture”… As you paste, the new year is coming again.
Tianjin Yangliuqing
Depend to the multicultural influence
During the Spring Festival, you should post “Happy Picture” in Yangliuqing Town, Xiqing District, TianjinAt that time, antique buildings with carved beams and painted buildings immediately came into view. The frozen ancient canal quietly “hibernated” in the town, and several beautiful arch bridges spanned the ice surface. Yangliuqing, Tianjin, surrounded by Ziya River, Nan Canal and Daqing River, was an important terminal for the circulation of goods from north to south and overseas trade during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Yangliuqingmu is therefore deeply influenced by multiculturalism.
Tianjin Ancient Cultural Street is a Scenery
According to historical records, Yangliuqing Chinese painting first appeared in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and reached unprecedented prosperity during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. In 1958, the state established the Yangliuqing Painting Club to rescue the New Year painting art, collected and organized Yangliuqing Paintings, and cultivated a group of outstanding New Year painting artists.
In recent years, with the prosperity of the cultural and tourism market, the demand for Yangliu Youth painting has expanded, bringing this ancient folk art back to the lives of the people. At the same time, Yangliu Youth Painting has also entered the international art sales and collection market.
If Taohuawu New Year paintings are like implicit and beautiful beauty, then Yangliuqing New Year paintings are lively and straightforward men. From the picture of fat dolls holding carp and lotus in hand to the three-star picture of lucky and lucky longevity, a unique style of vivid, joyful and full of emotions has been created.
Yangliuqing Nian Painting inherited the tradition of Song and Yuan paintings and absorbed the forms of woodcuts, arts and crafts, and drama stages in the Ming Dynasty. Its early craftsmanship is basically the same as Taohuawu New Year paintings, and both use the stereotyped overprint of the drawings; in the post-production, it takes a lot of time to be used for hand-painting.
Yangliuqing Nian Painting Five Sons Take Lotus was once selected as a stamp.
A New Year’s painting requires five main processes: drawing, carving and drawing, woodblock overprinting, hand-painting, and mounting, plus more than three monochrome overprinting. Because of the combination of printing and painting, it has a quiet, elegant and lively visual effect, which is unacceptable to other folk New Year pictures.And.
The content of the picture is mainly about folk life, fat baby, maid and historical stories. The most classic one is “After Years of Life”, the doll in the painting has a baby face, a Buddhist body, a martial arts stand, a carp in her arms, and a lotus in her hands, which caters to the folk’s beautiful wishes of “praying for blessings and blessings” and “more children and blessings”.
Yangliuqing Door God New Year’s Paintings
On the antique Ming and Qing Streets, Yuchengha, Yichengyong, Gu Liuxiang, Huayunzhai, etc. are dazzling. New Year’s painting workshops are one by one. There are more than 60 New Year’s painting production works and sales stores in Yangliuqing Town. It is one of the best New Year’s paintings that have been restored. It seems that it has returned to the scene of “drawing every family and painting every household” during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Tourists buying New Year’s paintings are constantly coming.
The first woodblock New Year painting museum in Yangliuqing Town holds a series of activities “Appreciating New Year paintings and observing folk customs” every year in the first month.
The northern folk houses in the first floor exhibition hall of the museum, on the stove are posted a “Kitchen God” who represents the saying of good things and the safety of the land; on the water tank is posted a big carp that represents more than a year and has a lively and vivid shape; in the middle of the main hall is posted a painting of the three-star middle hall for blessings and longevity to protect the whole family; on the living rooms on both sides, the mother-in-law lives on the upper house, and the New Year pictures with educational significance; the lower house where the daughter-in-law lives is posted a painting of the New Year with many children and blessings; on the edge of the kang is posted a painting of kang circumference with strong local atmosphere. Visitors to the museum can also experience the production process of woodblock New Year pictures.
When I walked out of the museum, what I impressed most was the gorgeous and vividness of Yangliu Youth New Year’s paintings, and I could not forget the local people’s persistence in “only posting New Year’s paintings is considered to be the New Year’s Day.”
Yangliu Youth Painting takes a lot of effort to use hand-painting. The picture shows the painter of “New Year’s Painting” is focusing on the ending of the classic painting “After Years and More” paintings. Nowadays, the improvement and innovation of New Year’s paintings are the older New Year’s painting craftsmen and young people.//comicmov.com/”>Cinema‘s new topics faced by painters. Although Komiks takes time and effort, it can be seen that it has a dense taste of life, rich emotions and aesthetic interests, and the full expression of the New Year culture and the dreams of Yanhuang for thousands of years.
With more than 2,000 years of history, woodblock New Year paintings created by Chinese local artists are the oldest painting type in the world, an encyclopedia of Chinese folk customs and a “living fossil” full of Chinese civilization elements.
Yangcheng Evening News February 3, 2022 A7 Evening Party Supplement
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List of 17 woodblock New Year paintings selected as representative national intangible cultural heritage projects
1. Woodblock New Year paintings in Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng, Henan Province:
Simple and naive, with a long history, born in the Tang Dynasty, prospered in the Song Dynasty, and the ancestor of Chinese woodblock New Year paintings .
2. Tianjin Yangliuqing woodblock New Year painting:
Celebrating the fun of the palace and the interests of the citizens.
The Yangliuqing New Year painting “Homesick and Sad” contains the meaning of auspiciousness and happiness.
Suzhou’s small bridges and flowing water can be painted, giving birth to the beautiful Taohuawu woodblock New Year paintings
4. Yangjiabu woodblock New Year paintings in Weifang, Shandong:
Not bound by nature, rich imagination, and express the theme with generalization, romance, symbolism and meaning; the composition is complete, full and symmetrical; the shape is exaggerated, concise and simple.
5. Sichuan Mianzhu woodblock New Year paintings:
Traditional meaning and colorful.
6. Wooden New Year pictures in Zhangzhou, Fujian:
The region is rich in colors, and the themes of gods and Buddhas are rich and diverse.
7. Wooden Wooden Chapter in Foshan, GuangdongBabaylanNew Year Pictures:
The image is delicate, rough and concise, strong and powerful, with a full composition, which expresses its auspiciousness and is very rich in local characteristics.
8. Hunan Longhui Tantou Wooden New Year Pictures:
The colors are unrestrained, orange-red, and close-to-color combinations, round lines, strong sense of movement, and strong decorative flavor.
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9. Hebei Wuqiang Wooden New Year Pictures:
Rough and simple, full of rural atmosphere.
10. Chongqing Liangping Wooden New Year Pictures:
The shape is vivid and lively, the color contrast is strong, and the atmosphere is full of life.
11. Shandong Liaocheng Dongchangfu Wooden New Year Pictures:
The composition is simple, the overall feeling is strong, the characters are exaggerated, full and simple; the lines are round and smooth
1 2. Wooden New Year paintings in Pingyang, Linfen, Shanxi:
Exaggerated shape, vivid image, and strong decorativeness.
13. Wooden New Year paintings in Fengxiang, Shaanxi:
The style is rough and exaggerated, with large blocks of colors, dynamic characters, and powerful.
14. Wooden New Year paintings in Zhangqiu, Yanggu, Shandong:
Full composition, evenly quaint.
15. Wooden New Year paintings in Jiajiang, Sichuan:
Bright colors and exquisite craftsmanship, and was as famous as Mianzhu New Year paintings and Liangping New Year paintings.
16. Wooden-print New Year paintings in Huaxian, Henan:
The printing process is meticulous and complex, the composition of the picture is balanced and symmetrical, the image is full and solid, and the lines are strong and powerful.
17. Wooden-print New Year paintings in Laohekou, Hubei:
The carvings are fine and smooth, the lines are rough and powerful, and the characters are vivid and exaggerated.