French media Komiks: Monkey experiment may solve the mystery of the origin of language

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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 29 New Media Special Report French media said that experiments show that although green long-tailed monkeys and long-tailed black-jawed monkeys living on both sides of the African continent embarked on different evolutionary paths 3.5 million years ago, they will use the same vocabulary when facing danger.

AFP reported on May 27 that the new study published in the British journal Nature Ecology and Evolution that day not only illustrates how primates—including humans—cope with threats, but also illustrates the language itself.The basic composition of ma.

The long-tailed black-tailed monkeys living on the East African savannahs make three different calls when they discover three major natural enemies, leopards, snakes and eagles.

Monkeys who hear the cry but cannot see their natural enemies will respond accordingly: the cry about leopards will prompt them to climb a tree, the cry about snakes will prompt them to stand still, and the cry about eagles will cause them to scan the sky while looking for a hiding place.

It’s like a sentry shouting, “Don’t move, there’s a snake!” or “Leave the ground, there’s a leopard!”

The study’s lead author and head of the cognitive ethics laboratory at the German Primate Center pointed out that these unique warning calls were discovered 30 years ago, triggering debate about whether it was the original vocabulary.

This also raises questions about its origin. Did the cubs of the long-tailed black-jawed monkey learn these calls by imitating adult monkeys? Or are these calls delivered through genes?

To deepen understanding, Fischer and his colleagues had an idea: “We decided to introduce a drone to fly over the green long-tailed monkey community and expose them to potential dangers from the sky that they had never encountered before.”

The drone flew over these defenseless monkeys in about 60 meters of air. The monkeys responded immediately after discovering the drone: they sired and then hurriedly sought cover.

This call is not only different from the response to a leopard or snake, but is also “strikingly similar to the call made by the long-tailed black-jawed monkey in East AfricaKomiks“.

Fischer noted: “Despite the evolutionary differences of 3.5 million years, the call structure has basically not changed.”

In terms of evolutionary biologists, the warning of danger is “highly preserved.”

Kurt Hammerschmidt, also from the German Primate Research Center, said the fact that green long-tailed monkeys respond to drones rather than other large birds in the region suggests a subtle but important distinction. “The warning scream has nothing to do with the Eagle’s body. It seems to correspond to a broader category: ‘Flying stuff’.” He said. “In order to figure out what the monkeys learned from the incident where drones flew over the incident, scientists conducted a second experiment a few days later. They hid a megaphone next to a monkey looking for food alone and played back the sound of the drone. Fischer said Cinema: “After hearing the sound, the monkey looked up and searched for the sky. “

The second test showed that only one exposure to the new threat was enough to let the monkeys know the meaning of the warning call, which showed that they had extraordinary adaptability.

The researchers speculate that the monkey calls from hereditary—and its accompanying meaning—are similar to those made by human babies.

Hamerchmidt said: “When a baby is born, he has the innate language ability before he learns to speak, such as moaning, laughing and crying.”

For some reason, humans have learned to transcend these inherent words and make new voices with new meanings. But under all levels of culture and learning, some core reactions that fall within the category of evolutionary psychology remain.